Mr. Fussell's Marking Guide

Awk.    Awkward - The way you've written this section is hard to follow and disrupts the flow of your writing.

Col.    Colloquialism - Slang, colloquialisms, and regionalisms are appropriate in spoken English. They are not appropriate in academic writing unless you are quoting direct speech. Avoid words and phrases such as kids, guys, OK, pretty good, hassle, kind of, big deal, a lot of, a ways, a fun time, awesome (unless it means literally "inspiring awe").

C.S.    Comma Splice - If only a comma appears between two independent clauses with no coordinating conjunction, the error is called a comma splice. A comma splice also occurs when a comma and transitional expression are used to join two independent clauses.

frag.    Fragment - A fragment is a part of a sentence that is punctuated as if it were a complete sentence. A fragment might lack a subject or a complete verb or both; it might be a dependent clause or a phrase that needs to be attached to an independent clause.

??    Huh? - I either can't make sense of what's written or question your judgment about the applicability of what's written.

|-->    Indent - When starting a new paragraph either indent or leave an extra space between them, but do not do both. Be consistent throughout your piece of work.

|?    Paragraphing - Indicates that a problem exists with your paragraphing. As a general rule, one topic equals one paragraph. Also, every new speaker warrants a new paragraph.

//ism    Parallelism - Parallel forms help produce cohesion in a text. Aim for parallelism in sentences and in longer passages. When your sentence contains a series, make sure that each element in the series is parallel in grammatical form to the others. When your sentence contains correlative conjunctions, pairs such as either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and, whether…or, and as…as, the structure after the second part of the pair should be exactly parallel in form to the structure after the first part. When making comparisons with as or than, use parallel structures.

R.O.    Run-on - If two independent clauses are run together with no punctuation between them, the error is called a fused sentence or run- on.

slang    Slang - Slang, colloquialisms, and regionalisms are appropriate in spoken English. They are not appropriate in academic writing unless you are quoting direct speech. Slang is non-standard language that signals a close, informal relationship among those who speak it, such as teenagers, musicians, and street people. Slang expressions change rapidly and date quickly; no sooner are they recorded than they are out of date. For these reasons, they should not be used informal writing. Do not try to justify your use of a slang expression by enclosing it in quotation marks as a signal to your reader that you realize it is inappropriate.

S.V. agree    Subject-verb agreement - The subject and verb within a clause must agree in person (first, second, or third) and in number (singular or plural). Note that the third person singular form of most present tense verbs has an -s ending. This is the only form of the verb that is likely to present agreement difficulties.

V.T.    Verb Tense - Using consistent tenses in a piece of writing allows readers to follow your train of thought. Check that your verbs fit consistently with present or past time, both within a sentence and from one sentence to another within a sentence.

voice    Voice - The active voice tells what the subject of the sentence does, did, or will do. In the active voice, the grammatical subject is the doer of the action. The passive voice tells what is, was, or will be done to the subject of the sentence. The person or thing doing the action may or may not be mentioned but is always implied: "My care was repaired" (by somebody at the garage). Use the passive voice sparingly. A general rule is to use the passive voice only when the doer in your sentence is not known or is unimportant. If you do use the passive voice, make sure that your verb is an action verb and that it is transitive - that is, it can take a direct object.

W.C.    Word Choice - Indicates that more effective or appropriate terminology should be used.